Richard Craig – EngD Systems Thinking in Cyberdefence

This list from the CSIS, is a work in progress that they update as new incidents come to light.
Significance is in the eye of the beholder, but the CSIS focus on successful attacks on government agencies, defense and high tech companies, or economic crimes with losses of more than a million dollars.

1. May 2006. The Department of State’s networks were hacked, and unknown foreign intruders downloaded terabytes of information. If Chinese or Russian spies backed a truck up to the State Department, smashed the glass doors, tied up the guards and spend the night carting off file cabinets it would be an act of war, but when it happens in cyberspace we barely notice.

2. August 2006. A senior Air Force Officer stated publicly that, “China has downloaded 10 to 20 terabytes of data from the NIPRNet (the unclassified

military network).”
3. November 2006. Hackers attempted to penetrate U.S. military War College networks, resulting in a two week shutdown at one institution while infected machines are restored.

4. December 2006. NASA was forced to block emails with attachments before shuttle launches out of fear they would be hacked. Business Week reported that the plans for the latest U.S. space launch vehicles were obtained by unknown foreign intruders.

5. 2006. Chinese hackers were thought to be responsible for shutting down the House of Commons computer system.

6. April 2007. The Department of Commerce had to take the Bureau of Industrial Security’s networks offline for several months because its networks were hacked by unknown foreign intruders. This Commerce Bureau reviews confidential information on high tech exports.

7. May 2007. The National Defense University had to take its email systems offline because of hacks by unknown foreign intruders that left spyware on the system.

8. May 2007. Estonian government networks were harassed by a denial of service attack by unknown foreign intruders, most likely at the behest of the Russian government. Some government online services were temporarily disrupted and online banking was halted. These were more like cyber riots than crippling attacks, and the Estonians responded very well; however, they created a wave of fear in cyber dependent countries like the U.S.

9. June 2007. The Secretary of Defense’s unclassified email account was hacked by unknown foreign intruders as part of a larger series of attacks to access and exploit DOD networks.

10. August 2007. The British Security Service, the French Prime Minister’s Office and the Office of German Chancellor Angela Merkel all complained to China about intrusion on their government networks. Merkel even raised the matter with China’s President.

11. September 2007. Israel disrupted Syrian air defense networks (with some collateral Damage to its own domestic networks) during the bombing of an alleged Syrian nuclear facility.

12. September 2007. Francis Delon, Secretary-General of National Defence in France, stated that information systems in France had been infiltrated by groups from China.

13. September 2007. Contractors employed by DHS and DOD had their networks hacked as backdoors into agency systems.

14. September 2007. British authorities reported that hackers, believed to have come from China’s People’s Liberation Army, penetrated the network of the Foreign Office and other key departments.

15. October 2007. China’s Ministry of State Security said that foreign hackers, 42% from Taiwan and 25% from United Sates, had been stealing information from Chinese key areas. In 2006, when China’s China Aerospace Science & Industry Corporation (CASIC) Intranet Network was surveyed, spywares were found in the computers of classified departments and corporate leaders.

16. October 2007. More than a thousand staffers at Oak Ridge National Labs received an email with an attachment that, when opened, provides unknown outsiders with access to the Lab’s databases.

17. November 2007. Jonathan Evans, the head of Britain’s Security Service (MI5), warned 300 business firms of the increased online threat from Russian and Chinese state organizations saying, “A number of countries continue to devote considerable time and energy trying to steal our sensitive technology on civilian and military projects, and trying to obtain political and economic intelligence at our expense. They…increasingly deploy sophisticated technical attacks, using the internet to penetrate computer networks.”

18. January 2008. A CIA official said the agency knew of four incidents overseas where hackers were able to disrupt, or threaten to disrupt, the power supply for four foreign cities.

19. March 2008. South Korean Officials claimed that China had attempted to hack into Korean Embassy and Korea military networks.

20. March 2008. U.S. officials reported that American, European, and Japanese companies were experiencing significant losses of intellectual property and business information to criminal and industrial espionage in cyberspace. However, details cannot be provided in an unclassified setting.

21. May 2008. The Times of India reports that an Indian official accused China of hacking into government computers. The official stated that the core of the Chinese assault is the scanning and mapping of India’s official networks to gain access to content in order to plan how to disable or disrupt networks during a conflict.

22. June 2008. The networks of several Congressional offices were hacked by unknown foreign intruders. Some infiltrations involved offices with an interest in human rights in Tibet.

23. Summer 2008. The databases of both Republican and Democratic presidential campaigns were hacked and downloaded by unknown foreign intruders.

24. Summer 2008. Marathon Oil, ExxonMobil, and ConocoPhillips are hacked and lose data detailing the quantity, value, and location of oil discoveries around the world. One company puts the losses in the millions.

25. August 2008. Computer networks in Georgia were hacked by unknown foreign intruders, most likely at the behest of the Russian government. Much press attention was given to annoying graffiti on Georgian government websites. There was little or no disruption of services but the hacks did put political pressure on the Georgian government and were coordinated with Russian military actions.

26. October 2008. Police discovered a highly sophisticated supply chain attack where credit card readers made in China and used in UK supermarkets had a wireless device inserted in them. The device copies a credit card when it is inserted, stores the data, and transfers the data it has collected once a day via WiFi connection to Lahore, Pakistan. Estimated loss is $50 million or more. The device could be instructed to collect only certain kinds of cards (such as gold cards), or to go dormant to evade detection.

27. November 2008. Hackers breached networks at Royal Bank of Scotland’s WorldPay, allowing them to clone 100 ATM cards and withdraw over $9 million dollars from machines in 49 cities.

28. November 2008. Classified networks at DOD and CENTCOM were hacked by unknown foreign intruders. Even worse, it took several days to dislodge the intruders and resecure the networks.

29. December 2008. Retail giant TJX is hacked. The one hacker captured and convicted (Maksym Yastremskiy ) is said to have made $11 million from the hack.

30. December 2008. Even tiny CSIS was hacked in December by unknown foreign intruders. They probably assumed that some CSIS staff would go into the new administration and may have though it might be interesting to read their emails beforehand.

31. 2008. Britain’s MPs were warned about e-mails apparently sent by the European Parliament amid fears that they could be used by Chinese hackers to implant viruses.

32. January 2009. Hackers attacked Israel’s internet infrastructure during the January 2009 military offensive in the Gaza Strip. The attack, which focused on government websites, was executed by at least 5,000,000 computers. Israeli officials believed the attack was carried out by a criminal organization from the former Soviet Union, and paid for by Hamas or Hezbollah.

33. January 2009. Indian Home Ministry officials warned that Pakistani hackers had placed malware on popular music download sites used by Indians in preparation for cyber attacks.

34. February 2009. FAA computer systems were hacked. Increased use by FAA of IP-bases’ networks also increases the risk of the intentional disruption of commercial air traffic.

35. February 2009. 600 computers at India’s Ministry of External Affairs were hacked.

36. February 2009. French naval aircraft planes were grounded after military databases were infected with the “confickr” virus. Naval officials suspected someone at the Navy had used an infected USB key.

37. March 2009. The German government warned that hackers were offering a free version of the new Microsoft operating system that installs Trojans.

38. March 2009: Canadian researchers found a computer espionage system that they believe China implanted on the government networks of 103 countries.

39. March 2009: Reports in the press say that the plans for Marine Corps 1, the new presidential helicopter, were found on a file-sharing network in Iran.

40. April 2009. Wall Street Journal articles laid out the increasing vulnerability of the U.S. power grid to cyber attack also highlighted was the intrusions into F-35 databases by unknown foreign intruders.

41. April 2009. Chinese hackers reportedly infiltrated South Korea’s Finance Ministry via a virus attached to e-mails claiming to be from trusted individuals.

42. May 2009. In May 2009, Merrick Bank, a leading issuer of credit cards, claimed it lost $16 million after hackers compromised as many as 40 million credit card accounts.

43. May 2009. The Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) was hacked by unknown intruders. The hackers gained access to the data by getting into the HSIN account of a federal employee or contractor. The bulk of the data obtained was federal, but some state information was also accessed

44. June 2009. The John Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory, which does classified research for the Department of Defense and NASA, took its unclassified networks offline after they were penetrated.

45. June 2009. German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble noted, when presenting the Interior Ministry’s 2008 security report, that China and Russia were increasing espionage efforts and Internet attacks on German companies.

46. July 2009. Cyberattacks against websites in the United States and South Korea, including a number of government websites, were launched by unknown hackers. South Korea accused North Korea of being behind the attacks The denial of service attacks did not severely disrupt services but lasted for a number of days and generated a great deal of media attention.

47. August 2009. Albert Gonzalez was indicted on charges that between 2006 and 2008, he and unidentified Russian or Ukrainian colleagues allegedly stole more than 130 million credit and debit cards by hacking into the computer systems of five major companies. This was the largest hacking and identity theft crime in U.S. history.

48. November 2009. Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, the vice-chairman of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ascribed the hacking and release of thousands of emails, from the University of East Anglia’s Climatic Research Unit to Russia as part of a plot to undermine the Copenhagen climate talks.

49. December 2009. The Wall Street Journal reported that a major U.S. bank had been is hacked, losing tens of millions of dollars.

50. December 2009. Downlinks from U.S military UAV’s are hacked by Iraqi insurgents using laptops and $24.99 file sharing software., allowing them to see what the UAV has viewed.

51. January 2010. The UK’s MI5 Security Service warns that undercover intelligence officers from the People’s Liberation Army and the Ministry of Public Security have approached UK businessmen at trade fairs and exhibitions with the offer of “gifts” – cameras and memory sticks – which contain malware that provides the Chinese with remote access to users’ computers.

52. January 2010. Google announced that a sophisticated attack had penetrated its networks, along with the networks of more than 30 other US companies. The goal of the penetrations, which Google ascribed to China, were to collect technology, gain access to activist Gmail accounts and to Google’s Gaea password management system.

53. January 2010. M. K. Narayanan, India’s National Security Adviser, said his office and other government departments were attacked by China on December 15. The Prime Minister’s office later denied that their computers had been hacked. Narayanan said this was not the first attempt to penetrate Indian government computers.

54. January 2010. A group named the “Iranian Cyber Army” disrupted service of the popular Chinese search engine Baidu. Users were redirected to a page showing an Iranian political message. Previously, the “Iranian Cyber Army” had hacked into Twitter in December and with a similar message.

55. January 2010. Intel discloses that it has experienced a cyber attack at about the same time that Google, Adobe and other were attacked. The hackers exploited the vulnerabilities in Internet
Explorer software that had been used in the other attacks as well. Intel said that there was no intellectual property or financial loss.

56. March 2010. NATO and the EU warn that the number of cyber attacks against their networks have increased significantly over the past 12 months, with Russia and China among the most active adversaries.

57. March 2010. Google announced that it had found malware targeted at Vietnamese computer users. Google said that the malware was not especially sophisticated and was used to spy on “potentially tens of thousands of users who downloaded Vietnamese keyboard language software” the malware also launched distributed denial of service attacks against blogs containing political dissent, specifically, opposition to bauxite mining efforts in Vietnam.

58. March 2010. Australian authorities say there were more than 200 attempts to hack into the networks of the legal defense team for Rio Tinto executives being tried in China, to gain inside information on the trial defense strategy.

59. April 2010. Chinese hackers reportedly break into classified files at the Indian Defence Ministry and Indian embassies around the world, gaining access to Indian missile and armament systems.

60. April 2010. A Chinese telecommunications firm accidently transmitted erroneous routing information for roughly 37,000 networks, causing internet traffic to be misrouted through China. The incident lasted 20 minutes and exposed traffic from more than 8,000 U.S. networks, 8,500 Chinese networks, 1,100 Australian networks and 230 French networks.

61. May 2010. A leaked memo form the Canadian Security and Intelligence Service (CSIS) says that “Compromises of computer and combinations networks of the Government of Canada, Canadian universities, private companies and individual customer networks have increased substantially…. In addition to being virtually unattributable, these remotely operated attacks offer a productive, secure and low-risk means to conduct espionage.”

62. July 2010. A Russian intelligence agent (allegedly named Alexey Karetnikov), is arrested and deported after working for nine months as a software tester at Microsoft.

63. October 2010. Stuxnet, a complex piece of malware designed to interfere with Siemens Industrial Control Systems, is discovered in Iran, Indonesia, and elsewhere, leading to speculation that it was a government cyber weapon aimed at the Iranian nuclear program.

64. October 2010. The Wall Street Journal Reports that hackers using “Zeus” malware, available in cybercrime black markets for about $1200, were able to steal over $12 million from five banks in the US and UK. Zeus uses links in emails to steal account information, which the hackers then use to transfer money into bank accounts they control. 100 “mules”, or low end criminals, were arrested for opening bank accounts under false names into which the hackers transferred stolen money.

65. January 2011. Hackers penetrate the European Union’s carbon trading market, which allows organizations to buy and sell their carbon emissions quotas, and steal more than $7 million in credits, forcing the market to shut down temporarily.